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Distributed Systems Interview Questions

10 real Distributed Systems questions asked in live technical interviews — each with a model answer. Updated weekly.

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You're tasked with designing a distributed data processing system using Apache Spark and Apache Kafka that can process 10 million events per second and write the results to a data warehouse. How would you design the system and what technologies would you use?🔴 Hard · System Design · Asked 2×How do you ensure data consistency across multiple data sources in a distributed system like Apache Kafka?🟡 Medium · Conceptual · Asked 1×Do you know the difference between hash and range partitioning?🟡 Medium · Conceptual · Asked 1×Describe the architecture of Kafka.🟡 Medium · Conceptual · Asked 1×Could you explain the work of a cluster manager?🟡 Medium · Conceptual · Asked 1×How do you redistribute data across a cluster when changing the number of partitions?🔴 Hard · Conceptual · Asked 1×What scale will we need to build for? 500 million transactions per day.🟡 Medium · System Design · Asked 1×Suppose a user sends a money transfer transaction today. By the next second there will be 600,000 entries in the queue. After all those entries are processed, the system will listen to the transaction, but it doesn’t happen. How would you design the system to ensure immediate notification of transaction status to the sender and receiver?🔴 Hard · System Design · Asked 1×What is cluster computing?🟡 Medium · Conceptual · Asked 1×If hundreds of thousands of DAGs are triggered simultaneously, the system might crash. How would you design the system to handle this load?🔴 Hard · System Design · Asked 1×

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