How do you store semi‑structured data? Provide examples.
💡 Model Answer
Semi‑structured data contains tags or keys that provide some structure but not a fixed schema. Common storage options include JSON files in object storage (S3, Azure Blob), NoSQL databases like MongoDB or DynamoDB, and columnar formats such as Parquet or ORC that support nested types. In data lakes, you can store raw JSON and use schema‑on‑read engines like Apache Hive or Presto to query it. In data warehouses, systems like Snowflake or BigQuery expose a VARIANT type that can hold JSON, XML, or Avro, allowing SQL queries over nested fields. Choosing the right store depends on access patterns: low‑latency reads favor NoSQL, while analytical workloads benefit from columnar formats.
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