Sometimes the BI system uses data from different departments. Some other departments need to access our investment data, but it is sensitive. How would you implement security to hide sensitive investor-level information in this instance?

To protect sensitive investor data while still allowing authorized departments to access non‑sensitive fields, I would implement a combination of role‑based access control (RBAC) and column‑level masking. First, define roles in the data warehouse (e.g., Analyst, Finance, Compliance) and grant each role only the tables and columns they need. For columns that contain sensitive information, enable dynamic data masking so that users without the appropriate role see a masked value (e.g., **** or a partial value). In Snowflake, this can be done with the MASKING POLICY feature. Additionally, use row‑level security (RLS) to restrict rows based on the user’s department or clearance level. Finally, audit all access with query history and set up alerts for any anomalous access patterns. This layered approach ensures that sensitive data is only visible to authorized users while still enabling cross‑department analytics.